Child and Adolescent Cultural-Social Research

Abstract The living space of children worldwide is shaped by the landscape of virtual space, which is​ a combination of opportunities and riskss. On the one hand, the Internet and virtual spaces offer children distinctive opportunities that the previous generation did not have the opportunity to experience. However, they also introduce numerous risks and concerns regarding their childhood experience. Recent research necessitates that parents regulate their children’s usage, while the internet and virtual spaces are indispensable for the education, entertainment, and social relation of the younger generation. This situation has arisen in a context in which not all children possess the requisite knowledge and skills to ensure their digital safety and security. According to UNICEF, millions of children are at risk of being exposed to online risks. This article’s objective is to assess the digital resilience of Iranian youth. This evaluation is predicated on the analysis of parents’ perspectives and observations regarding their children’s consumption, as well as the dual concept of digital security and digital safety. To accomplish this objective, thorough interviews were implemented, and parents of children aged nine to thirteen were interviewed. The main question was whether children possess the necessary abilities and skills to ensure their safety and security while using the internet. The results indicate that there is a limited awareness regarding online risks and, accordingly, strategies for ensuring digital security and safety.

Abstract This paper aims to examine the approach to child labor in Iranian teenage poetry up until the year 2011 through a statistical, descriptive-analytical approach. To this end, fifteen poets specializing in children's and adolescent literature were selected. From their collections, one to five poetry collections written for the age groups "J to H" were chosen to study the evolution of this theme up to 2011, considering the historical development of the poems. The study also seeks to answer questions such as: Which aspects of the lives of child laborers are reflected in teenage poetry? And what changes have occurred in the aesthetic approaches to this theme in teenage poetry? The results indicate that poets have somewhat neglected this significant social reality. Only a few poets have created outstanding works by adhering to both literary merit and social awareness. The diversity in perspectives and the non-stereotypical content of works on this subject reflect the genuine impact of the suffering and challenges faced by these children on the poets. This, in turn, has led to the creation of vivid and creative works, enhancing their aesthetic value.

Abstract Crime and deviant behavior like the norm are acquired in a platform of interactions and relationships. Moreover, todays, social networks as one of these platforms could have found many fans from various age groups affecting them. Considering the sensitivity of their position due to being in childhood and adolescence, students are among the most vulnerable groups subjected to the social networks. This research aimed at investigating the causes make student tended to commit a crime and deviant behavior in social networks. The statistical population includes students living in Tehran out of 2,422,905 subjects in the age group of 7 to 18 years, selected using the cluster sampling method. This research was performed through quantitative method and data was collected through a survey. Furthermore, in order to collect the required information, a questionnaire with 30 items with 5 options was used (the validity and reliability of the questionnaire was verified by face validity method, confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha). The data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The results demonstrated that there is a significant correlation between lifestyle, how long use virtual space in free time, and on the other hand, the parental control over delinquent behaviors. In addition, the students’ awareness with regard to rules and regulations is effective in their less inclination to commit delinquency and deviant behavior.
 

Abstract The purpose of this research is to identify the components and desirable educational indicators in elementary schools. The current research is a phenomenological study and one of the types of qualitative research, based on the lived experiences of managers, it examines and analyzes the conditions caused by the spread of Corona and the role of managers in these special conditions. The participants of this research are 35 principals of primary schools in district 1 and 2 of Ray city, who were selected purposefully. In this study, according to the purpose of the research, the type and nature of the research questions, in-depth and semi-structured interview tools have been used. After introducing the objectives of the research to the interviewees, all interviews were recorded and immediately typed and continued until data saturation. The average duration of each interview was about 50 minutes.Coding on two open and axial levels was used for data analysis. In this research, 4 main questions and several sub-questions were asked during the interview to deepen the information. Interviews continued until data saturation was reached. In addition to the coder, revision by technical professors and experts was also used. A total of 362 codes were extracted, which were reduced to 52 codes after removing similar codes, which were categorized into 13 components, 6 categories and finally 3 main dimensions (teacher, manager and learning environment). The results indicate that the quality implementation of the dimensions and components extracted in this research will increase the efficiency of the teaching-learning process in the conditions of Corona and improve the quality of education in the virtual space.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aesthetics based teaching by using mind map on students' procrastination in cyberspace.The present study was a quasi-experimental study and its statistical population consisted of all The seventh grade male students of Yazd schools were in 2020-2021. 30 students were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method and they were divided into two groups (15 students of each groups) by a simple random sampling method. The experiment group had 10 sessions of mind map based studying method, while the control group received no intervention. To measure the variable, Solomon and Roth Bloom (1998) academic procrastination questionnaire was administered in both groups. The obtained data from pre-test and post-test were analyzed using of covariance. The results of analysis of covariance showed that the effectiveness of aesthetic-based teaching by using mind map on students' procrastination in cyberspace has reduced students' academic procrastination compared to the control group in the post-test (P<0/01). Thus; The effectiveness of aesthetics-based teaching by using mind maps on students' procrastination in cyberspace can be used to reduce student procrastination in schools and educational center.

Abstract In a general definition, the environment is a set of external conditions that affect a living being like a human being during its lifetime. According to this definition, sunlight, water, air, climate, plants, animals and other animate and inanimate beings that exist on the planet earth and are in two-way communication with each other, constitute the human environment. Environmental protection education can be started from the basics and in the form of formal education for children. The basis of achieving sustainability in the development and preservation of the environment is the education of environmental ethics. An ethic that recognizes and sensitively responds to the complex and changing relationships between humans and nature. A large part of the contemporary environmental crises is caused by incorrect education and scientific and practical ignorance of humans towards nature and the way of interacting with it, which has caused the destruction of the environment to become one of the most serious challenges facing mankind. Scientific findings and numerous human experiences have shown that education in childhood will be easier and more acceptable. Therefore, environmental education in this era can provide more tangible and institutionalized results. Considering the importance of this issue, the present study tries to explain the importance of school education on childhood environment and the methods of teaching this skill to children. Based on this, the main problem of the research is the methods of teaching environmental protection to children and its effect on the sustainability of nature. In this research, the collection of data and information was done with a library method, and then with a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on documentary methods, the related data were categorized and explained after refining.